Manuscripts should be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript(s). All manuscripts should be double – spaced typed in Times New Roman font 12 size throughout. The manuscript should be submitted as attachment to the e-mail. Regardless of the source of the word-processing tool, only electronic Word (.doc, files) is preferred for submission. Only submissions by email are strongly preferred to facilitate rapid publication process and minimize administrative costs. All submissions by anyone other than one of the authors of the manuscripts will not be accepted. The submitting author takes responsibility for the paper during submission and peer review processes.

Paper submission can be done through online system. Kindly write to secretary.jed@saut.ac.tz or editor.jed@saut.ac.tz for submission support.

These are papers that include original / primary empirical data that have not been published anywhere. This type of papers normally should not exceed 25 double-spaced pages of text (including references) and should contain no longer than 10 figures and tables. Such papers should be within a length of 3000-5000 words overall (including everything). This type of papers should be structured as follows: The Abstract, up to 10 Key words, Introduction, Literature review, Methodology, Results, and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements (if any), Competing Interests (if any), Consent (where applicable), Ethical approval (where applicable) and at least 30 main References. Tables and Figures should be in the appropriate sections of the main text.

They should be written in a form of small single-result findings. Although brief, such articles can include enough information, particularly in the methods and results sections, to allow the reader to understand what was done. Such papers should be within the range of 2500-4000 words, including 3-4 tables and figures and about 15-20 key references. It should be structured with Abstract, up to 6 Key words, Introduction, Literature, Methodology, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, Competing Interests, Ethical approval (where applicable), List of references. Tables and figures should be in the appropriate sections.

Short Communications are urgent communications of important preliminary results that are very original, of high interest and likely to have a significant impact on the subject area of the journal. A Short Communication needs only to demonstrate a ‘proof of principle’. Authors are encouraged to submit an Original Research Paper to the journal following their Short Communication. The length should be about 2500-3500 words, about 2-3 figures and tables, about 15-20 key references. The structure should be as described in 3.2.

Minireviews are brief historical perspectives or summaries of developments in fast-moving areas covered within the scope of the journal, and they must be based on published articles. They should be within the range of 2000-3000 words, about 30 references in total, about 3 - 5 figures and/or tables. The subject matter should be within the scope of the journal. The goal of the Minireviews is to provide a concise summary of a particular field in a manner understandable to all readers.

The purpose of the policy paper is to provide a comprehensive and persuasive argument justifying the policy recommendations presented in the paper, and therefore to act as a decision-making tool and a call to action for the target audience. Such papers should be within the range of 2500 – 3000 words, with about 3-4 figures and/or tables, and about 15-20 key references.

• Preparation and submission of the manuscript should be done according to the journal’s instructions.
• The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration

Your paper manuscript should be organized/ structured in the following manners:

• (1) Title page
• (2) Abstract and Key words
• (3) Introduction (the problem & objectives)
• (4) Literature review
• (5) Methodology
• (6) Results & Discussion
• (7) Conclusion
• (8) Acknowledgement if any
• (9) References
• (10) Appendixes (if more Tables and Figures are included). Manuscripts should be typed in Times New Roman font 12 size throughout. The English Language of the manuscript should be clear, simple and explicit.

Please write the title of your article with capital letters for the first character. The running title should not exceed 100 characters. Include the names of all authors, their affiliations at which the work was performed, e-mail addresses and telephone numbers. Place an asterisk (*) after the name of the corresponding author.

Provide an abstract of 100 to 300 words, without abbreviations and references.

Below the abstract, please write 3 to 10 keywords (or short phrases suitable for article indexation).

The introduction should not be an extensive literature review although it should provide sufficient background information for the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the study without referring to previous publications on the same topic.

This section should provide a brief review of relevant literature on the research topic to some extent.

This section should include sufficient technical information on the way the paper would be conducted (or was conducted). Any procedural details that have been published previously should be referred to by citations. When a modified approach to methodology was used by the author, such modification of the previously published methodology approach should be explained in detail.

Results should be described as concisely as possible in one of the following ways: equations, text, table(s), or figure(s). Avoid an extensive use of graphs and tables to present data. The reproducibility and statistical significance of measurements, material or economic variables should be included where possible (relevant). The discussion should provide an interpretation of the results and their significance with regard to previously published research work. Reference to previously published results is recommended. Avoid any significant repetition or reiteration of the introduction.

It should be in the form of one paragraph summarizing the most important finding(s) of the research that needs to be provided. It should also include some references cited.

This should include source of any financial support, gifts, technical assistance and advice received from colleagues and others that should be indicated here.

Literature citations in the text and in the list of references must follow the APA referencing style (current version). Please note, only references cited in text should be included in the list of references. References included in the list must not exceed thirty in numbers.

• (a) Author(s) of article (surname(s)&initials), Year of publication, Title of article, Journal title (italicized) volume, issue number, and page numbers. (If more than five authors, list the first author followed by et al.,(italicized)
• (b) Author(s) Name(s) and Initials. (year), «Title of article», Journal name, vol. X, n° X, p. XX-XX. Published conference proceedings.
• (c) Verbeke, W., Ward, R.W. and Viaene, J. (2000). Probit Analysis of Fresh Meat Consumption in Belgium: Exploring B.S.E. and Television Communication Impact. Agribusiness: An International Journal, 16(2), 123-136.

• (a) Author(s) of book (surname(s), initials & year). Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; and the year of publication.
• (b) Name, A., Name, B. (year), Title of the book, Edition, Place of publication.

• (a) Author(s) of chapter (surname(s) & initials). Title of chapter. In: Editor(s) name, editors. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication, Page numbers.

• 4. (c) Author(s) Name(s) & Initials. (year). Title of chapter, in Name, C. (eds.), Title of book, Editor, chap. X, p. XX-XX.

Name, A., Name, B. (year), «Title of article», Proceedings of the XXe symposium XXX, City, Country, p. XX-XX.

Author (year), «Title of document», http:// full address (accessed day/month/year).

The covering letter should be addressed to: The Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Economics and Development (JED). The cover letter should include the names of the author(s), institution(s), e-mail address(es) and the type of the work to be considered for publication in the JED. The covering letter should be brief and clearly well written. For a research paper written by a group of researchers, the corresponding author should obtain the consent of all co-authors prior to submission of the manuscript. The soft copy of the original manuscript typed with double spacing and well formatted according to guide for authors should be sent as an e-mail attachment to: editor.jeb@saut.ac.tz.

Authors are asked to sign a warranty and copyright agreement upon acceptance of their manuscript, before the manuscript can be published.

editor.jed@saut.ac.tz